Immigration and Naturalization Citizenship is the legal process through which foreign nationals become citizens of a country. In the U.S., it involves applying for naturalization, which typically requires an individual to be a lawful permanent resident (green card holder) for a specific period, demonstrate good moral character, pass an English language and civics test, and meet residency requirements. The process allows immigrants to fully participate in civic life, including voting and holding public office. Citizenship grants additional legal protections and rights beyond those of permanent residents. Countries often have different naturalization rules, but the goal is to integrate immigrants into the social, political, and economic fabric of the nation.